2015年职称英语考试理工类每日一练(1月9日)

单项选择题
1、Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
A．hit
B．passed
C．reached
D．led

2、
回答题：
The Caribbean Islands
What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子 )? White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals ( 珊瑚 ) and even more colorful fishes and birds?
You bet. There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea. They are famous for their arm, tropical climate and great natural beauty.
The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Some of the islands were formed by the eruption ( 爆发 ) of ancient volcanoes ( 火山 ). 46
The Caribbean Islands are known by several names. 47 The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India. Later, Spain and France called the islands the Antilles. There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.
48 These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands.
The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller. Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers ( 小片 ) of exposed coral. You can see why pirates ( 海盗 ) such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters. 49
50 The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny. Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands. This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.
A．But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful
B．The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies
C．Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean
D．They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola
E．Many tourists arrive on cruise ships
F．There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on
第46题应选___
A．But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always painful
B．The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies, later changed to the West Indies
C．Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean
D．They are Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola
E．Many tourists arrive on cruise ships
F．There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on
第46题应选___

3、 根据以下材料回答题：
Microelectronics Revolution
The 1980s are likely to be considered as a more than somewhat interesting decade for the United Kingdom and indeed for other industrialized countries. The political, social and economic autonomic reflexes in operation for the greater part of this century will have to give way to the new as conditions change. Paramount amongst these changes is the advent of microelectronics with their ability to increase productivity and the end of cheap, easily manipulated sources of energy. Together these will undoubtedly change the pattern of industrialization and industrialized life in a radical manner not seen in the UK since the early 19th century.
Most technological changes are somewhat less than fundamental. Many act on an individual process of industry and so their effects on the general economy can be boxed off. Others act on the demand side with new products, often for new markets. Microelectronics, though, are different. It is difficult to think of parts of the economy on which they will not have an impact; it is especially very difficult to think of the many new consumer products that will evolve. It is already being used, in productive processes through robotics, in production planning through cheap computers, as cheap and easy to maintain components, and through telecommunications, teletext systems and word processing to provide, transmit and store information.
The resulting large increases in productivity will mean that increased levels of output will be produced using fewer resources of manpower, raw materials and energy. On the face of it this has to be a good thing, it opens vistas that were previously closed. The cost, however, is measured in terms of the resulting job losses, job changes and lack of new jobs. If we sit back and allow the market to work allocating wealth and jobs-in other words-continue as we are at present, either the technologies will not be introduced at all or there will be social confrontation on a massive scale.
This new technology improves productivity at precisely the time world trade growth is declining, and this is likely to diminish even further given the responses to the shortage of energy sources. This will almost certainly mean that our ability to supply will outstrip (超过 ) our ability to demand, giving a classic high unemployment.

The most important changes in the 1980s__________
A．are affecting individual industries
B．ate not evident in the UK
C．concern microelectronics and energy
D．are being caused by changes of attitudes

4、
回答题：
New Product Will Save Lives
Drinking water that looks clean may still contain bugs (虫子), which can cause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages, which shows whether water is safe. The
new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it, to destroy anything harmful. It was invented by scientist Dr. Adrian Patton, who started Genera five years ago. He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company.
Andy Headland, Genera's marketing director, recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it. Genera has already sold 11 of its tests at $42,500 a time in the U.K. and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March. The company says it is the only test in the U.K. to be approved by the government.
Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees; it now employs 14. Mr. Headland believes that the company should make around $19 million by the end of the year in the U.K. alone.
Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned

5、
回答题：
Electromagnetic Energy
1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kind of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3. Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared ( 红外线的 ) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays ( 紫外线 ) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so mush energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other generators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.
5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed ( 利用 ) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron ( 电子 ) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium ( 氦 ).
6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generate electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
Paragraph 3__________
A．Nuclear reactions as the lasting source of the sun's energy
B．The most important source of energy
C．Types of electromagnetic energy
D．The machines used for energy generation
E．Seeking new sources of energy
F．The use of ultraviolet radiation in medicine

6、 I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night．
A．awkward
B．strange
C．awful
D．stupid

7、
回答题:
Green Roof Research
The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent( 流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as "extensive" and "intensive" systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate ( 土层 ) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs ( 灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美学的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation ( 缓解) of the heat island effect in urban areas.
The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation ( 繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (养料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival.
A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.
Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.
It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned

8、I have no alternative but to report him to the local police.
A．opinion
B．means
C．choice
D．selection

9、Winston Churchill gave a moving speech.
A．nervous
B．foolish ,
C．stirring
D．fast

10、We tried to restrict our conversation to arguments relevant to the topiC．
A．put
B．suit
C．confine
D．resort

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