2015年职称英语考试卫生类每日一练(1月9日)

单项选择题
1、回答题：
Exercise Lowers Employers' Health Costs
Companies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees toexercise a little bit, researchers reported on Friday．
They saidobese (肥胖的) employees had higher health-care costs, but lowered those expensesby exercising just a couple of times a week -- without even losing any weight．
Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23, 500 workers at GeneralMotors． They estimated that getting the most sedentary (惯于久坐的) obese workers to exercise would have saved about $ 790, 000 ayear, or about 15 percent of health-care costs for the whole groupcompany-wide, the potential savings could reach $ 7． 1 million per year,theyreposed in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine．
Of thewhole group of workers, about 30 percent were of normal weigh, 45 percent were overweight(超重的), and 25 percent were obese． Annual health-care costs averaged $ 2,200for normal weight, $ 2, 400 for the overweight, and $ 2, 700 for obeseemployees．
But amongworkers who did no exercise, healthcare costs went up by at least $100 a year,and were $ 3, 000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary．
But adding two or more days of light exercise -- at least 20 minutes of exercise orwork hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing -- lowered costs by onaverage $ 500 per employee a year, the researchers found．
How can employees help lower the health-care costs?
A．Bytaking more rest．
B．Byeating less．
C．Byexercising a little bit．
D．Bysaving more money．

2、完成题：
A Doctor in the House
Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away．But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too.(46) It is one of many gadgets (小装置) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York -- others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.
The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple．The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal.(47)In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.
Intelligent bandages (绷带) are a good example．Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics (抗生素) would work best(48)
Socks are long overdue for a makeover．In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (溃殤) is coming up.
All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma (黑瘤) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer．(49)If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.
If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand (50)A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.
A．The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.
B．That is going to be the difficult part.
C．The cut could then be treated instantly so avoiding possible complications.
D．Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.
E．Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", complete with a comforting bedsidemanner.
F．A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.
__________

3、 At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn't support themselves.
A．attributed
B．limited
C．connected
D．devoted

4、 She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A．homework
B．act
C．justice
D．model

5、阅读短文，回答题。
C  Sleep Lets Brain File Memories
1    To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz's.
2    Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University5 and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.
3    A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.
Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body's tissues.
4    Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.
5 "Our study suggests that this impairment12 may contribute to the memory deficits13 that occur as people age." Convit says. "And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.14" Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.
Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence "To sleep. Perchance to file?"?
A．Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?
B．Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?
C．Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?
D．Does brain work on files in sleep?

6、回答题：
Compact Disks
1 If someone says to you your music CDs don’t really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it．In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers — a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometerslong．These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.
2 A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns．The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back．This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code．This means you can hear the original code as music.
3 Digital codes are used with many technologies．E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers．Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes．Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems．Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes．Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes.
4 There are many types of compact disk．One format is called CD-RWs．They can be recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk3．Another format is the CD-ROM．The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs． These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear． The clear and dark spots are the digital code．CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc — Read Only
Memory.4 This disk is like a “super” floppy disk that can hold lots of information．One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks．Information is permanently recorded onto it．Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.
5 CDs were first sold to the public in 1982．These CDs still play well and sound fine．Current CDs are expectedto last between 70 to 200 years．Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.
6 Science keeps on developing．It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording．In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.

Paragraphs 1 & 2__________
A．Digital Code Has Wide Applications
B．Floppy Disks Are Outdated
C．CDs Are Durable
D．CD’s Working Principle Is Explained
E．CD-RWs Play Better Than CD-ROWs
F．CDs Are of Many Formats

7、
Understanding Autism
    1．Autism(孤独症)is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see．hear，and otherwise sense．This results in severe problems of social relationships，communication，and behavior．Individuals with autism have to painstakingly(费力地)learn normal patterns of speech and communication，and appropriate ways to relate to people，objects，and events，in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke．
    2．The cause of autism is still unknown． Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses． There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain．Genetic(遗传的)factors may sometimes be involved．Autism may indeed result from a combination of several “causes”．
    3．Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝的)show relatively even skill development． Individuals with autism，however，typically show uneven skill development，with deficits (欠缺)in certain areas—most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others————and distinct skills in other areas．It is important to distinguish autism from mental
retardation or other disorders，since diagnostic(诊断的)confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques．
    4．In general，individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition．Some people who have autism are working as artists，piano tuners，painters，farm workers，office workers，computer operators，dishwashers，assembly line workers，or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings．
根据以上内容，回答题。
Paragraph 1______.
A．What causes autism?
B．How common is autism?
C．Does autism occur together with other disabilities?
D．What is autism?
E．What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?
F．What is the difference between autism and mental retardation?

8、
Sleep Problems Plague the older Set
    Older Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest．It’s a huge quality—of-life problem，expels say，because contrary to popular belief，seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults．
    “Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent(固有的)part of aging，”said Dr．Harrison G．Bloom，an associate clinical professor of geriatrics(老年病学)and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City．“It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people．”
    Yet，in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine，researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need．
    Older people tend to have“sleep fragmentation”，meaning they wake up more often during the night，said study author Dr．Julie Gammck，an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geratric Medicine at St．Louis University．
    They also seem to get less“REM”sleep，the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs．Bloom added．
    It’s unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on person’s quality of life，Bloom said．“What is important，though，is that older people omen have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep，”he said．
    And，experts say，there is usually more than one cause．
    “Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses， including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea(呼吸暂停)and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations，”said Michael V．Vitiell0，a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington’s Northwest Geriatric Education Center．
    Taking multiple medications，as many older people do，Can also lead to fatigue a “hypersomnia”，or being tired all the time，Bloom added．
    Another big problem，he noted，is depression and anxiety．“Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems．”
    Despite the prevalence(流行)of sleep difficulties in older adults，many patients Aren’t getting the help they need．As a result，problems like insomnia(失眠)，restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated，Bloom said．
根据以上内容，回答题。
Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life．
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned

9、
Organic Food：Why?
  　 1．Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world，expanding by 25 percent a year over the past lo years．So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more“natural”eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural，good，caring，different from the junk—food—eating masses．
  　 2．Unlike conventional farming，the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made，fertilizers and pesticides．Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种)improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man—made chemicals．As a method of food production organic is，however，inefficient in its use of labor and land：there are severe limits to how much food Call be produced．Also，the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilizers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted(排放)by transporting food．
  　 3．Organic fanning is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming．Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim．An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops．Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference，the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health．
  　 4．The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading．Food is a natural product，and the health value of different foods will Vary for a number of reasons including freshness，the way the food is cooked，the type of soil it is grown in the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received，and so on．Likewise． the flavor of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilized with manure(粪便)or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up．
  　 5．Then notion that organic food is safer than“normal”food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins(毒素)．As one research expert says：“People mink that the more natural something is．the better it is for them．That is simply not the case．In fact，it is the opposite that is true：the closer a plant is to its natural state，the more likely it is that it will poison you．Naturally，many plants do not want to be eaten，so we have spent 10，000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops．”
根据以上内容，回答题。
Paragraph 1__________
A．Main reason for the popularity of organic food
B．Description of organic farming
C．Factors that affect food health value
D．Testing the taste of organic food
E．Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food
F．Research into whether organic food is better

10、 I don't quite follow what she is saying．
A．believe
B．understand
C．explain
D．accep

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