2015年职称英语考试卫生类每日一练(1月6日)

单项选择题
1、
根据下列材料，回答题

Toads are Arthritis and in Pain

 　　Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones． Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown． The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs． (46)．
 　　The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops． Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year． The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers．(47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species．
 　　The toads have severely affected ecosystems in AustraliA．Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth． (48)
 　　A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face． Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different． They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly． According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night．(49) But speed and strength come at a price -- arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them．
 　　In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃)． (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape．

____________
A．But this advantage also has a big drawback -- up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis．
B．The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads．
C．But arthritis didn't slow down toads outside the laboratory．
D．Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind．
E．Toads are not built to be road runners -- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas．
F．Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia's native species．

2、 Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp.
A．local
B．unfamiliar
C．good
D．unfavorable

3、 Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.
A．receives
B．deserves
C．prevents
D．accepts

4、 Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.
A．untouched
B．certain
C．silent
D．doubtful

5、

根据下列材料，回答题

Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye Damage

 　　Over 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body's cell from the blood．The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.
 　　High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to "leak" blood．This causes the retina to swell and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.
 　　At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness.
 　　Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.
Fortunately, you can reduce your risk if you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition. Visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups.
 　　Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.

Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body
A．without diabetes
B．without sugar
C．without insulin
D．without food

6、 The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and varietv of bacteria．
A．unavoidable
B．unchangeable
C．unbelievable
D．unpredictable

7、 All the people assembled at Mary’s house．
A．collected
B．fixed
C．asserted
D．assist

8、 It isthe movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.
A．frightens
B．scares
C．arouses
D．confuses

9、 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post．
A．at
B．with
C．about
D．from

10、阅读下面这篇短文，回答题：
(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选 项中为第1-4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；
(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选 项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The DrinkYnur Body Needs Most
1．Ourbodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water．Blood is mostly water, andour muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water．Water is needed toregulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物)to travel to all our organs.Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removeswaste, and protects our joints and organs.
2．Welose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸),and by sweating．If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do nottake much exercise．Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水)include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain,headaches, andconstipation (便秘)．A strong smell to your urine, alongwith a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water．Thirst isall obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before youfeel thirsty.
3．A goodrole of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds anddivide that number in half．That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need For example, if you weigh 160pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day．If you exerciseyou should drink another 8 ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you areactive．If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amountof water．When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces ofwater for every hour you are on board the plane.
4．It maybe difficuR to drink enough water on a busy day．Be sure you have water handyat all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working,traveling, or exercising.
If youget bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor．There aresome brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar orartificial sweeteners that you don't neeD．
Paragraph 1__________
A．Ounces of Water Needed Per Day
B．importanceof Water
C．Compositionof Water
D．Signsof Dehydration
E．Supplyof Water
F．Necessityfor Bringing a Bottle for Water

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