2015年职称英语考试(卫生B)真题(文字版)

来源:本站原创 2015/3/30 10:26:17【中华考试网校

2015年职称英语考试(卫生B)真题(文字版)

2015年职称英语考试卫生B的概括大意与完成句子来自于教材外。以下是试题原文。各位考友可以参考原文,比对答案。

(来自于教材外)

1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus.

2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.

3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.

4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.

5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.

6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.

23. paragraph 2_______

24. paragraph 3_______

25. paragraph 4_______

26. paragraph 5_______

A. Am I at risk ofcontracting the virus?

B. is the currentoutbreak the deadliest?

C. How do know ifhave contracted the virus?

D. What areas arecurrently affected?

E. What exactlydoes Ebola do to the body?

F. What caused theEbola outbreak?

27.The initialEbola outbreak was found in_______.

28.The differencebetween SARS and Ebola viruses lies in_______.

29.The symptoms ofthe patients after being infected may first appear_______.

30.The Ebola virustransmits by contact with_______.

A. infected bodyfluids

B. against theoutbreak severity

C. the mode oftransmission

D. the initialdays of being infected

E. three countriesin West Africa

F. within a widerange of days

第八篇  LungCancer

1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in ruraldistricts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial whichare most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequentlyare the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smokeparticles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.

2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation betweenthe death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers — 21 to 30 cigarettes per day — the mortality rate from lungcancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the deathrate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among womenhas its effect.

3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an x-rayis taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, acurrent emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation1 fromX-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thusprevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutelyessential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained2. ModernX-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to thoseover 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by theadvantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completelyremoved.3

4 A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma4,so-called because the malignancyoriginates in5 a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus isblocked, cutting off6 the supply of air to that lung. The lung thencollapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, witha resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancercan also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes7 ofthe chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. Theonly treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths havehad time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is calledpneumonectomy.

5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland8and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.

第十七篇 Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.

The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leukocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch," said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3, Spain.

Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)4.

Immunology expert Lena Oman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially all inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Oman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden5. The study is published in the Journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI6.